Ad hoc or distributed network topology applies to reconfigurable networks that can operate without the need for a fixed infrastructure. These networks are primarily used by the military and also in few commercial applications for voice and data transmission. Such a topology is suitable for rapid development of a wireless networks in a mobile or fixed environment. There are two variations of ad hoc network topology they are single hop peer to peer topology and multihop topology.
Single hop peer to peer topology:
In single hop peer to peer every user terminal has the functional capability of communicating directly with any of the other user terminals.
In some ad hoc networking applications, where users may be distributed over a wide area, a given user terminal may be able to reach only a portion of the other users in the network due to transmitter signal power limitations. In this situation, user terminal will have to co-operate in carrying messages across the network between widely separated stations. Networks designed to function this way are called multihop ad hoc networks. In an ad hoc multihop network each terminal should be aware of the neighboring terminals in its coverage range. The nultihop network configuration was originally used in military tactical networks, where providing reliable communications under unpredictable propagation conditions are over widely varying geographic areas was important.
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